{"id":2857,"date":"2024-10-22T16:29:48","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T13:29:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/?p=2857"},"modified":"2024-10-22T16:29:53","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T13:29:53","slug":"istoria-iluminatului-stradal-din-bucuresti-inainte-de-aparitia-electricitatii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/eternal-2857-istoria-iluminatului-stradal-din-bucuresti-inainte-de-aparitia-electricitatii","title":{"rendered":"Istoria iluminatului stradal din Bucure\u0219ti \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia electricit\u0103\u021bii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Mult \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia electricit\u0103\u021bii, locuitorii marilor ora\u0219e aveau nevoie de iluminat stradal. Deplasarea pe timp de noapte \u00een Bucure\u0219ti era nu doar incomod\u0103, ci \u0219i periculoas\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 momentul introducerii iluminatului stradal a fost unul semnificativ \u00een istoria ora\u0219ului, relateaz\u0103 <a href=\"http:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\">bucharestfuture.eu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a682b5188605\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a682b5188605\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/eternal-2857-istoria-iluminatului-stradal-din-bucuresti-inainte-de-aparitia-electricitatii\/#Cum_traiau_bucurestenii_inainte_de_iluminatul_stradal_si_de_lampa_cu_petrol\" title=\"Cum tr\u0103iau bucure\u0219tenii \u00eenainte de iluminatul stradal \u0219i de lampa cu petrol?\">Cum tr\u0103iau bucure\u0219tenii \u00eenainte de iluminatul stradal \u0219i de lampa cu petrol?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/eternal-2857-istoria-iluminatului-stradal-din-bucuresti-inainte-de-aparitia-electricitatii\/#Bucuresti_%E2%80%93_primul_oras_din_lume_iluminat_cu_lampa_cu_petrol\" title=\"Bucure\u0219ti \u2013 primul ora\u0219 din lume iluminat cu lamp\u0103 cu petrol\">Bucure\u0219ti \u2013 primul ora\u0219 din lume iluminat cu lamp\u0103 cu petrol<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/eternal-2857-istoria-iluminatului-stradal-din-bucuresti-inainte-de-aparitia-electricitatii\/#Munca_grea_a_lampagiilor_bucuresteni\" title=\"Munca grea a lampagiilor bucure\u0219teni\">Munca grea a lampagiilor bucure\u0219teni<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/eternal-2857-istoria-iluminatului-stradal-din-bucuresti-inainte-de-aparitia-electricitatii\/#Schimbarea_iluminatului_stradal_in_Bucuresti\" title=\"Schimbarea iluminatului stradal \u00een Bucure\u0219ti\">Schimbarea iluminatului stradal \u00een Bucure\u0219ti<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cum_traiau_bucurestenii_inainte_de_iluminatul_stradal_si_de_lampa_cu_petrol\"><\/span>Cum tr\u0103iau bucure\u0219tenii \u00eenainte de iluminatul stradal \u0219i de lampa cu petrol?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e2n\u0103 la inventarea l\u0103mpii cu petrol \u00een 1854, majoritatea ora\u0219elor europene, inclusiv Bucure\u0219tiul, se confruntau cu o problem\u0103 major\u0103 de iluminat. Str\u0103zile erau scufundate \u00een \u00eentuneric, iar singura surs\u0103 de lumin\u0103 era luna, care abia reu\u0219ea s\u0103 lumineze calea oamenilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Locuitorii Bucure\u0219tiului \u00ee\u0219i iluminau casele folosind lum\u00e2n\u0103ri, pe care le puneau pe rafturi sau mese pentru a ob\u021bine suficient\u0103 lumin\u0103 \u00een \u00eenc\u0103peri. Cu toate acestea, lum\u00e2n\u0103rile erau costisitoare, iar majoritatea oamenilor nu \u0219i le puteau permite \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi mari, a\u0219a c\u0103, de obicei, se culcau imediat dup\u0103 cin\u0103. Doar cei boga\u021bi \u00ee\u0219i permiteau luxul de a aprinde zeci de lum\u00e2n\u0103ri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Iluminatul cu lum\u00e2n\u0103ri era departe de a fi ideal. Focurile erau un pericol constant, deoarece lum\u00e2n\u0103rile puteau fi uitate aprinse sau r\u0103sturnate accidental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O alt\u0103 metod\u0103 comun\u0103 de iluminat erau tor\u021bele \u2013 c\u00e2rpe \u00eembibate \u00een petrol, \u00eenf\u0103\u0219urate \u00een jurul unor be\u021be groase, care erau purtate de servitorii nobililor bucure\u0219teni pentru a le ilumina calea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bucuresti_%E2%80%93_primul_oras_din_lume_iluminat_cu_lampa_cu_petrol\"><\/span>Bucure\u0219ti \u2013 primul ora\u0219 din lume iluminat cu lamp\u0103 cu petrol<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La 30 aprilie 1857, Bucure\u0219tiul a devenit primul ora\u0219 din lume care a folosit l\u0103mpile cu petrol pentru iluminatul public. P\u00e2n\u0103 la acea dat\u0103, niciun alt ora\u0219 de pe glob nu folosea acest tip de iluminat pentru spa\u021biile publice, iar Bucure\u0219tiul a devenit astfel un pionier \u00een domeniu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lampa cu petrol a fost inventat\u0103 cu c\u00e2\u021biva ani mai devreme, \u00een 1853, \u00een or\u0103\u0219elul Borislav, l\u00e2ng\u0103 Liov (ast\u0103zi Ucraina). Inventatorii s\u0103i, farmaci\u0219tii locali Jan Zeh \u0219i Ignacy \u0141ukasiewicz, au creat o metod\u0103 de distilare \u0219i rafinare a petrolului, permi\u021b\u00e2nd producerea de kerosen, care a fost folosit pentru alimentarea l\u0103mpilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lampa cu petrol a fost adoptat\u0103 rapid \u00een Europa, iar \u00een Viena, de exemplu, era folosit\u0103 pentru iluminatul g\u0103rii. Faima acestui dispozitiv s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit rapid \u00een \u00eentreaga Europ\u0103 \u0219i chiar \u0219i \u00een America. Cu toate acestea, Bucure\u0219tiul a fost primul ora\u0219 care a adoptat la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 lampa cu petrol pentru iluminatul stradal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia a fost construit\u0103 prima rafin\u0103rie de petrol, care a permis iluminatul str\u0103zilor pitore\u0219ti ale Bucure\u0219tiului. Petrolul rom\u00e2nesc a devenit primul combustibil din Europa comercializat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Munca_grea_a_lampagiilor_bucuresteni\"><\/span>Munca grea a lampagiilor bucure\u0219teni<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bucharestfuture.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/69\/2024\/10\/ad_4nxciytg9fxjayepf-brpo5q2gsah4cx4pgrvuwh6gtwembctnmutfaaayjkoy4tm3jydugekhg04l83wmn50vypd5qyxgufeo8vldgbaslwyf7-bwm4dvmflwgkn6km4yxgoxatpgeybqw8djevp53-g49gukey9hqbqewqbk_ruwnjqunara.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen trecut, exista o meserie special\u0103 \u2013 cea de lampagiu. Ace\u0219ti muncitori erau responsabili de \u00eentre\u021binerea l\u0103mpilor stradale \u0219i aprinderea acestora. Dup\u0103 introducerea iluminatului public \u00een Bucure\u0219ti, au ap\u0103rut primii lampagii, a c\u0103ror munc\u0103 era una dificil\u0103 \u0219i solicitant\u0103, necesit\u00e2nd aten\u021bie \u0219i precizie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Descrierile lampagiilor din arhivele ora\u0219ului arat\u0103 c\u0103 ace\u0219ti muncitori \u00ee\u0219i petreceau aproape toat\u0103 ziua pe st\u00e2lpii de iluminat, transport\u00e2nd sc\u0103ri \u0219i c\u00e2rpe pentru a cur\u0103\u021ba l\u0103mpile. Chiar \u0219i \u00een timpul zilei, lampagiii aveau mult de lucru, deoarece l\u0103mpile cu petrol necesitau o \u00eengrijire constant\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dup\u0103 o noapte de utilizare, l\u0103mpile trebuiau \u0219terse pentru a \u00eendep\u0103rta funinginea \u0219i murd\u0103ria acumulat\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 asigure o iluminare corespunz\u0103toare. Seara, lampagiii urcau din nou pe st\u00e2lpi pentru a aprinde l\u0103mpile manual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Activitatea lor era monitorizat\u0103 \u00eendeaproape de poli\u021bia ora\u0219ului. Poli\u021bi\u0219tii veneau frecvent \u00een inspec\u021bii, iar dac\u0103 o lamp\u0103 nu func\u021biona corect, lampagiul putea fi sanc\u021bionat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Schimbarea_iluminatului_stradal_in_Bucuresti\"><\/span>Schimbarea iluminatului stradal \u00een Bucure\u0219ti<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Progresul tehnologic nu a \u00eent\u00e2rziat s\u0103 apar\u0103, iar \u00een scurt timp, iluminatul cu gaz a \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie introdus \u00een multe ora\u0219e. \u00cen Bucure\u0219ti, primele l\u0103mpi cu gaz au fost instalate \u00een 1871, odat\u0103 cu deschiderea fabricii de gaz Filaret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Iluminatul cu gaz nu a \u00eenlocuit complet l\u0103mpile cu petrol, ci a fost mai degrab\u0103 o completare. \u00cen paralel, se foloseau \u0219i l\u0103mpi cu ulei \u0219i l\u0103mpi cu petrol. La \u00eenceputul secolului XX, iluminatul electric a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 rapid \u2013 \u00een 1901, \u00een Bucure\u0219ti existau deja aproximativ 200 de l\u0103mpi electrice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen doar c\u00e2\u021biva ani, electricitatea a devenit parte integrant\u0103 a vie\u021bii bucure\u0219tenilor, iar l\u0103mpile cu petrol \u0219i celelalte tipuri de iluminat au disp\u0103rut treptat de pe str\u0103zi. Meseria de lampagiu \u0219i-a pierdut astfel relevan\u021ba \u0219i a devenit o amintire a trecutului.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mult \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia electricit\u0103\u021bii, locuitorii marilor ora\u0219e aveau nevoie de iluminat stradal. Deplasarea pe timp de noapte \u00een Bucure\u0219ti era nu doar incomod\u0103, ci \u0219i periculoas\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 momentul introducerii iluminatului stradal a fost unul semnificativ \u00een istoria ora\u0219ului, relateaz\u0103 bucharestfuture.eu. Cum tr\u0103iau bucure\u0219tenii \u00eenainte de iluminatul stradal \u0219i de lampa cu petrol? P\u00e2n\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":469,"featured_media":2858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1150],"tags":[1907,1904,1906,1903,1902,1908,1910,1909,1846,1901,1905,1900],"moimportance":[30,33],"motype":[1155],"moformat":[1278],"class_list":{"0":"post-2857","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-inovatii","8":"tag-amenajare-iluminat","9":"tag-becuri-cu-kerosen-in-bucuresti","10":"tag-fapte-interesante-despre-bucuresti","11":"tag-felinare-cu-gaz","12":"tag-iluminat-in-trecut","13":"tag-iluminat-pe-strazile-orasului","14":"tag-iluminat-stradal","15":"tag-iluminat-strazile-bucuresti","16":"tag-istoria-bucuresti","17":"tag-istoria-iluminatului","18":"tag-profesia-de-un-aprinzator","19":"tag-strazile-bucuresti","20":"moimportance-golovna-novyna","21":"moimportance-retranslyacziya-v-agregatory","22":"motype-eternal","23":"moformat-1278"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/469"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2857"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2864,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2857\/revisions\/2864"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2857"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=2857"},{"taxonomy":"motype","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/motype?post=2857"},{"taxonomy":"moformat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestfuture.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moformat?post=2857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}